Posts Tagged ‘malnutrition’
Women Live Longer than Men
Why women have a life expectancy greater than that of men?
A group of Japanese scientists has found the answer to the puzzle, according to a study by researchers at Japanese universities in Tokyo and Saga, published by the online edition of the journal Human Reproduction.
The tests in mice indicate that paternal sperm is responsible for the shorter longevity of mammalian male versus females.
In their experiment, scientists have discovered that mice created using genetic material from two mothers and without the involvement of a parent living up to one third longer than normal mice with a mixture of maternal and paternal genes.
To explore this issue, researchers began to study the lifespan of mice produced no sperm. To this end, immature oocytes collected from mice one day old, manipulated the genetic material of these genes to behave like sperm and transplanted genes from this genetic material in unfertilized mature oocytes from adult mice that had eliminated the core.
These reconstructed oocytes became embryos which were transferred to a female mouse. The resulting pups had genetic material from two mothers but no father.
Furthermore, the authors created mice control through a natural pairing that were genetically identical mice from two mothers, irrespective of the fact that they were created in the normal way with genes of male and female mice. Both groups of mice were kept in the same environments without infections and with free access to food.
The study results were inconclusive. The mice created from two genomes women lived an average of 186 days longer than control mice created from the combination of a normal female and one male genome, whose life expectancy is between 600 and 700 days. These modified mice seemed to have a better immune system, with a significant increase in a type of white blood cell, eosinophils.
The study authors believe the reason for the difference in longevity may be related to a gene on chromosome 9, named Rasgrf1. “This gene is usually expressed from the chromosome inherited from the father and is a gene on chromosome 9 associated with postnatal growth,” said Tomohiro Kono of Tokyo University and co-author.
“Does not just genetics”
“This is very important genetic component in longevity of people,” agrees Mary Flora de Pablo, Professor, Biological Research Center of CSIC. The researchers say the study is “interesting model” which completes the analysis of the lifespan of mice on a type called “bimaternos” and on data that had already been published since 2004.
But longevity also “depends on environmental factors, modifiable,” explains De Paul. For example, “low-calorie diet, (without going to malnutrition) increases longevity and delays the onset of diseases associated with aging,” qualifies the teacher.
The end result of increased life expectancy in women than men in the developed world “is also a significant component derived from lower-risk behaviors in women than in men,” says the researcher, including appointment to a lower consumption of alcohol and drugs.
The Best Way to Feed The Baby (Part 1)
Breastfeeding is an instance of social mobilization is becoming more important every year. But there is both reliable, scientifically proven, and the other, which borders on myth and lies, then some true or false about the best way to feed the baby.
- Breastfeeding helps you lose, naturally, the accumulated excess kilos during pregnancy.
- The more often you breast-feed the baby, the faster you empty the mammary gland and, consequently, produce less milk.
- It is not advisable to drink too much water before feeding, because it can not produce milk and water in sufficient quantities to feed baby.
- If a child is not gaining well, it is possible that his mother’s milk is of poor quality.
- Breast-feeding beyond six months is a more affective than nutritional value.
- It is best not to give too much time to nurse on one breast to avoid completely empty.
- It is good to wait for the breasts to fully fill the baby.
- A baby of two months requires approximately seven to eight feedings or feedings of breast milk at four months this number decreased to six shots, and only after that age need between four and five.
- If a very small baby asleep for over three hours and does not claim food is good wake.
- Some children may have allergies to milk.
- It is not always necessary to use both breasts at each feeding or nursing.
- Breastfeeding a child for a long time can cause obesity when he grows up.
- It is important that the child gets used from newborn to breastfeed every 3 hours and keep that frequency.
- Position the baby “belly to belly” or “tummy to tummy area helps prevent having cramps.
- It’s bad diet to lose weight during lactation.
Answer 1:
TRUE. The purpose of the accumulation of fat during pregnancy, is precisely to form a reserve for the production of milk when the child is born. Therefore the more a woman breast feed your child more such reserves will be consumed and not need to do then any other diet to regain weight.
Answer 2:
FALSE. Milk production increases the more it stimulates, ie if a woman puts the baby to the breast more often, it sucks and stimulate milk letdown. The more frequently occurring this stimulus will produce more milk the mother. The production of milk has been shown to be related to the frequency of feedings. The amount of milk begins to decrease when the shots are rare or restricted.
Answer 3:
FALSE. Breast milk is composed of water as a main component, so it is very important that the mother is well hydrated. The nutritional composition of breast milk does not vary with the amount of water that the mother drinks. However, if you do not have enough fluid milk production decreases.
Answer 4:
FALSE. There is no low-quality milk. Scientific studies show that even malnourished women are able to produce milk of sufficient quality to meet the growth needs of the child (unless they were too severe malnutrition). In most cases, poor weight gain is due to low consumption of milk or an organic problem child. Insufficient consumption may be due to poor positioning, lack of family support, low production due to lack of stimulation or low fluid intake.
Posted in Breastfeeding | 
Tags: Allergies, baby, Breastfeeding, feed the baby, lactation, malnutrition, mammary gland, mother's milk, obesity, pregnancy | 
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