Lately, it seems that sustained bruises easily. Is it something I should worry about or see a doctor? I have 54 years and I enjoy excellent health.

ANSWER from Dr. William Nichols, Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA:

The bruise easily may be normal in some people and something that becomes more common with age. However, easy bruising may also signal an underlying medical problem. You should probably go where a primary care physician for evaluation, especially if the appearance of bruises is something recently raised more frequent or worse than before.

A bruise forms when broken small blood vessels, called capillaries, which lie on the surface of the skin by the force of a blow or injury. When that happens, blood leaks into the blood vessels in the skin and appears as a red spot (bright or dark), purple or black, and ultimately, the body reabsorbs the blood and the stain disappears. The most common locations for bruises are the arms and legs. Generally, the stronger the shock, the larger the bruise, but when someone bruise easily, the skin may fade much due to any small hit, even those that are barely noticeable.

Some people are just more prone to bruising, that’s no cause for concern. With the lapse of time, the tissues that attach to the capillaries begin to break and the walls of these blood vessels become more fragile and vulnerable to breaking. In addition, with age the skin becomes thinner and loses some of the fat layer that helps protect blood vessels from injury.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the ease with which a person has bruises may also have medical importance. When suddenly begin to appear bruises, occur relatively frequently, or are singularly large or painful, it is wise to consult a doctor.

Your doctor may ask you to describe your symptoms, examine current bruising and ask about any history of bleeding in yourself and your family. Bring to appointment a list of medications you are taking because some drugs increase the risk of bruising.

An example of such drugs are blood thinners such as aspirin, warfarin and clopidogrel, which decrease the clotting ability of blood, and thus the bleeding as a result of capillary damage could last longer than normal, allowing blood to leak and form a bruise. Corticosteroids containing drugs used to treat several conditions, including allergies, asthma and eczema, may become more thin skin and easy bruising as well.

Some supplements like fish oil and ginkgo biloba can also increase bruising for its anticoagulant effect.
Depending on the outcome of the initial evaluation, your doctor may recommend blood tests to investigate the situation further, or suggest you to see your hematologist (specialist in blood disorders) for further evaluation. Another alternative is that the doctor recommends to continue monitoring the situation, without further assessment or further treatment at the moment.

The presentation of easy bruising can result from a wide range of underlying causes, including bleeding problems or blood diseases, but can be a harmless condition. It is best to see a doctor to assess the situation.

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Dysplastic mole syndrome

Some large moles have an irregular outline and a fuzzy edge. These moles are at higher risk of being malignant. They tend to occur in families with a history of multiple nevi and malignant melanoma. Patients with these moles should be examined regularly and often compare the clinical photographs

Halo nevi

Sometimes the skin around a mole becomes lighter and the central moon pales. Sometimes even disappears completely nevus. Most of the halo nevi are benign. But some people may have an increased risk of developing a skin condition vitiligo. Patients with malignant melanoma halo nevi rarely develop.

blue Nevus

This acquires a blue moon by the depth to which the pigment is found (in the deepest layer of the skin or subcutis). It is very common in some Indian children but rarely matters. However, it is important to consult a dermatologist to differentiate it from melanoma.

Juvenile melanoma (Spitz nevus)

In this condition, the pigment cells form a benign tumor, usually pinkish-brown. This disease occurs in children, usually in the face. The cells are analyzed microscopically similar to malignant melanoma cells, but the behavior is benign, and outcome after successful treatment.

frequent mistakes

The polka dots on soles or hair are not malignant, but also require periodic review.

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If only mild changes are usually the doctor only need:

- Measure and / or take a clinical photograph of the mole

- The nevus are reviewed periodically, more or less often, depending on the number and shape of these

- It is possible that one of them is removed by your dermatologist if you notice a significant change in any of them.

good advice

- Avoid unnecessary exposure to sunlight, especially during the two hours before and after noon when the sun’s rays are strongest, avoid sunburn also.

- Cover with sunlight and apply sunscreen to exposed skin.

- Watch your moles regularly and go to the doctor for review. Remember that there are moles that you can not see because they are in less accessible areas of the body (back, scalp,…).

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The presence of moles is normal, and this does not imply malignancy in the future. The greater number of moles a person has, the greater the risk of melanoma, especially if these moles are subject to significant sun exposure or continuous trauma (eg if you are in shaving the beard area, rubbing on a belt or zone foot …).

The danger is increased by family history of malignant melanoma. In case of multiple nevi and / or family history of melanoma should have a better prevention against sun exposure.

What are the symptoms?

- The mole is itchy and / or pain

- Increase in size or irregular, especially at the edges

- Changing color, especially if the mole gets darker or have different colors

- Spontaneous bleeding

- Satellite Pigmented lesions (nevus spots around the suspect).

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A mole (or melanocytic nevus) is an abnormal spot of pigment cells in the skin. These cells are called melanocytes. Moles are very common. Many people are born with some other spots and develop throughout their lives.

What causes moles?

Most moles are simply the result of a proliferation harmless pigmented cells in the deeper layer of skin. Some of these moles, called congenital melanocytic nevus, usually present from birth. But most develop spontaneously or are caused by exposure to sunlight and tend to occur in areas of skin exposed to sunlight.

Most of these moles appear during the first 20 years of age, but can continue to develop in the next 20 years. However, many of them disappear with age.

Why worry about moles?

The main concern of moles is the degeneration of a small number to a condition called malignant melanoma. In this form of skin cancer, which can be fatal, early diagnosis and treatment greatly improve prognosis. In the early stages the treatment is surgical excision (ie, removes the tumor with a margin of skin around it).

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Alpha-hydroxy acids (fruit acids)

Also known as AHAs. They have revolutionized the effectiveness of many products. Its properties have been known since Roman times, and the first scientific papers dating from 1974. As a group, no other cosmetic ingredients that have been more studied than AHAs. Citric acid include citrus fruits, apples, malic acid and lactic acid in milk. However, the most widely used and investigated (by far) is glycolic acid, derived from sugar cane.

At low concentrations, act as exfoliants, unlikely to irritate the skin. The highest concentrations used in clinical cosmetic or dermatological consultations, proving to be effective in reducing the signs of aging, and are very useful for the treatment of acne and excess pigmentation. Importantly, the application of high concentrations of AHAs must be performed under medical prescription and in conjunction with a sunscreen.

Ascorbic acid

This is the chemical name that names the basic molecule of vitamin C. Derivatives of pure vitamin C are unstable and very irritating. Vitamin C is a potent antioxidant with an ability to lighten pigmentation, which is why it is the most common component of today’s products.

Beta hydroxy acids (BHAs)

The most common BHA is salicylic acid. The anti-inflammatory agents BHAs and scrubs are very useful for the treatment of pimples, but can cause hypersensitivity reactions if they are abused.

Amino Acids

Substances that form proteins that are present in the skin and hair. The theories that can be absorbed through the skin to rehydrate and provide nutrients are not proven.

Antioxidants

Every breath we do leads to the formation of free radicals that damage healthy cells. This results in skin wrinkling and loss of skin tone. Antioxidants can reduce the activity of these free radicals. So, in theory, antioxidants can help the body repair itself. Currently, there is no evidence to the contrary and there are plenty of products that contain antioxidants. Look for vitamins A, C and E and Pycnogenol, the active part of the seed extract of the grape.

Caviar

Some theories claim to rejuvenate the skin caviar are for innocent people and too credulous.

Ceramides

One component is rumored in the skin. Again I must say that there is no scientific support to dismiss this theory. Ceramides can be effective in the future.

Co-enzyme 10

It is also an element of fashion. It is found in the skin and is an antioxidant and antibacteriológico. As birthday, Q10 levels decrease and may influence the aging of the skin. Theories of aging properties of Q10 are insubstantial.

Collagen

It is a very large molecule and there is no scientific evidence to affirm the idea that it can penetrate the skin. It can only be placed on the surface where it produces little benefit.

Green tea

It contains polyphenols that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Is a very popular and can be found in any of the creams or waxes. These effects may explain why apply cold tea bags on your face to reduce swelling in the eye. Do not discard the idea of ??tea bags because the investigation promises!

Hyaluronic Acid

It is an essential protein found in the skin. It has tremendous moisturizing properties, able to attract about 100 times its weight in water. However, to be active, hyaluronic acid needs to be in the correct concentration.

Lanolin

Wool is obtained and used as a barrier to reduce water loss from the skin surface. It is a common cause of hypersensitivity, therefore we must carefully read the list of components.

Parabens

They are present in food and cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi. They are not toxic and are approved by the authorities.

Polyethylene glycol (PEG)

Help spread the product evenly on the skin.

Retinoic acid, retinol or retinyl palmitate

They are derivatives of vitamin A. Retinoic acid has convinced the medical profession that a cream applied topically can currently reduce wrinkles and pigmentation. Under the trade name Retinova, this is the first drug licensed to treat sun-damaged skin. Of course, to obtain a license the company has to prove beyond doubt that the product takes effect in most people with limited side effects. However, it can irritate and make the skin more sensitive to sunlight so you should use a sunscreen. Cosmetic companies have quickly jumped on the bandwagon with various derivatives of the vitamin. Most have limited benefits for the skin and none is as effective as Retinova.

Squalene

It is another fatty component of the skin, which helps maintain the barrier function of the same and flexibility.

Tocopherol acetate

Vitamin E. It is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. This vitamin is often included in sunscreens to combat free radicals produced by sunlight. Accurate information is being collected about the benefits of vitamin E topically and orally in the aging of the skin.

With this list of components is not surprising that most people feel insecure when choosing the right product to protect your skin. So the next time you choose a facial or body product, seek the advice of a dermatologist. They have strong products in its arsenal, which are usually more effective than those found in cosmetics stores. Look at the components of the product and do not hesitate to ask.

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However, since all products are designed specifically to make us look younger longer, the consumer faces a bewildering array of attractively packaged products which prompts questions like:

- How to choose? (Those unpronounceable names)

- What ingredients are?

- What effect?

- Are they safe?

- What evidence is there to support the claims / complaints against companies?

- Care about these claims?

- How do they decide the prices?

What face creams are made?

Facial creams have several standardized components:

- Preservatives: as essential oils or synthetic parabens, including ethyl, propyl or butyl.

- Emulsifiers: linolenic acids are typically used to ensure a uniform and consistent mixture.

- Moisturizers: (hold water), such as glycol or glycerin. They are frequently used mineral oil derivatives that extract water from the air to the surface of the skin and in turn prevent the product from losing water and dry.

- Silicone, is often incorporated to provide a pleasant texture and make the application easier

As with most things in life, you get what you pay for. Cheap cosmetic products probably contain cheap components. In the case of the expensive brands, you usually pay for the promise that the new component X will provide anti-aging, hydration, anti-wrinkle, firming of the skin, and some other benefits of the many that exist.

The components are hot as soon as they pass. Cosmetic companies seem interested only in the most modern and best-selling. Multiple resources are used to develop components that make products for the skin more effective than ever. Thus, the research provides a slight advantage to the companies but then innovation is copied, adapted and reproduced with a wide variety of qualities and prices in the market for cosmetics.

In addition, the cosmetic companies are striving to discover new and effective ways to get ingredients for the skin. Liposomes are frequently used. They are tiny capsules filled with active ingredients that are absorbed through the skin releasing their contents in the very places where they are needed most: under the surface in the deeper layers of the skin.

Dermatologists argue that cosmetics can usually get a little, at best a temporary hydration. By definition, a cosmetic is not authorized to alter the structure or function of the skin. Of course, many companies suggest that their products alter the skin. They are moving beyond the boundary between cosmetics and therapeutic. The laws are constantly changing and are not the same for all countries, so many of these products are subject to supervision. For this reason, the public is sometimes misinformed and confused.

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Beyond the hair removal method we choose – a machine, wax, cream, laser, etc.. – There are some tricks to perform before, during and after that are important to our health care and assure perfect hair removal.

* Before:

Avoid any heat on the skin – sunbathing, sauna, hot – at least 24 hours before waxing. This will allow the hair more easily avoiding discards spots on the skin.

Although hydrated skin provides hair removal, avoid using any cream or oil on the skin for at least 12 hours prior.

* During:

Ice helps prevent swelling and pain – especially when using wax or electrical machines – but in any aspect lean ice directly on the skin because it irritates you. You can use either cold cloths or ice cubes wrapped in a cloth.

* After:

Use post-depilatory creams, which tend to be soothing and refreshing. The best are those prepared from aloe vera.

To delay the onset of hair growth retardant creams available.

Pra prevent ingrown toenails hairs suggest you exfoliate your skin regularly with a scrub cream. Remember that electric epilators often favor the embodiment of the hair.

If you have questions regarding hair removal or how to care for your skin, please consult with your dermatologist.

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• 1 cup plain yogurt (without sugar)
• 2 tablespoons rolled oats
• One tablespoon of honey

Yogurt and lemon mask

It serves to help the facial skin to heal wounds or sores. It is also useful to maintain or help to heal the scalp and keep hair healthy.

• Juice of ½ lemon
• A teaspoon of olive oil
• One cup of unsweetened yogurt

The procedure for the completion and implementation of the mask is as follows:

1. Mix ingredients well
2. Once the mask prompt, you must thoroughly wash your face at night with mineral water before bed.
3. Collect the hair and apply like a cream. For application should not be pulling the skin, but applied with small circular pat.
4. If you want to apply the hair to be applied with a gentle massage on the scalp, spreading the product to the tip of the hair.
5. This mask is left to work about 20 minutes, rinse with water.

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This is reflected immediately in the skin, it no longer has to serve as a second option to remove toxins.

In this way regular consumption of yogurt, preferably homemade or organic (as the industrialized often brings excess flour and refined sugar) greatly promotes youth and beauty generally, and to promote healthy living.

However, the benefits of yogurt are obtained not only in the skin when taken frequently, but also can earn the same when applied directly to the skin or hair as a mask. Yogurt works as a disinfectant and refreshing addition to give skin youthful vigor and appearance.

Here we offer two recipes for skin application that are very effective to keep young and collaborate in the treatment against various diseases such as acne, dryness, and the opacity.

However, it is important to remember that the skin heals and beautifies from the outside but the process is from the inside out. In this respect, care and feeding to the input of nutrients is vital, along with daily rest and repair to maintain the beauty and skin health. In turn, drinking enough fluid is one of the key points to look young and healthy.

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